使用源码编译、安装MySQL5.1

 　　编译过程中出现过一些错误，所以我先列出我这次需要安装的几个软件包。

rpm -ivh /media/Packages/autoconf-2.63-5.1.el6.noarch.rpm 
rpm -ivh /media/Packages/automake-1.11.1-4.el6.noarch.rpm 
rpm -ivh /media/Packages/libtool-2.2.6-15.5.el6.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh /media/Packages/ncurses-devel-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm  

##make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. stop. 
rpm -ivh /media/Packages/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh /media/Packages/gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

　　按照要求，这次的数据库文件要放在/data目录下面。下面开始安装：

 #mkdir -p /data/mysql/data 
 #mkdir /data/backup

 添加一个名为mysql的用户用于执行mysql，并禁止其登陆：
 #/usr/sbin/useradd -d /data/mysql -s /bin/false mysql

 如果提示mysql用户已存在，则执行下面一句命令禁止其登陆：
 #/usr/sbin/usermod -s /bin/false mysql  

 设置目录权限：
 #chown -f -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

 #tar zxvf mysql-5.1.67.tar.gz 
 #cd mysql-*
 #./configure \
     --prefix=/usr/local/mysql \
     --enable-assembler \
     --with-mysqld-user=mysql \
     --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static \
     --with-client-ldflags=-all-static 
     --with-extra-charsets=all \
     --with-charset=utf8 \
     --with-collation=utf8_general_ci \
     --with-pthread \
     --enable-static \
     --enable-thread-safe-client \
     --with-big-tables \
     --with-plugins=innobase \
     --without-debug  
 #make && make install
 
 设置开机启动：
 #cp ~/mysql-5.1.67/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
 #chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
 #chkconfig --add mysqld
 #chkconfig mysqld on
 
 配置my.cnf:
 #mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.origin
 #cat /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf | egrep -v '^#|^$' > /etc/my.cnf  

　　下一步，将/etc/my.cnf.origin中的内容添加到/etc/my.cnf。/etc/my.cnf修改的内容如下：

 [client]
 port            = 3306
 socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
 [mysqld]
 basedir=/usr/local/mysql
 datadir=/data/mysql/data
 user=mysql
 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
 symbolic-links=0

 port            = 3306
 socket         = /tmp/mysql.sock

 [mysqld_safe]
 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
 pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
 open-files-limit = 8192

　　创建mysql数据库实例：

 #cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
 #./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql 

 #service mysqld start 

　　添加MySQL命令到环境变量：

 # cat ~/.bash_profile 
 # .bash_profile

  # Get the aliases and functions
 if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
         . ~/.bashrc
 fi

  # User specific environment and startup programs

  PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

  export PATH
 ~  
 
 执行下面的命令，时修改生效：
 #source ~/.bash_profile  

　　最后，执行#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation 按照提示，完成设置MySQL的root密码，删除匿名用户，禁止root远程连接，删除 test库，Reload privilege tables等操作。登陆MySQL，使用命令 show variables like "have_%";  查看have_innodb 功能已经安装。

　　如果数据量很大，服务器内存很多，需要使用my-huge.cnf作为MySQL 的配置文件，可以参考下面的设置：

#my-huge.cnf with innodb support   

 # Example MySQL config file for very large systems.
 #
 # This is for a large system with memory of 1G-2G where the system runs mainly
 # MySQL.
 #
 # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
 # locations which depend on the deployment platform.
 # You can copy this option file to one of those
 # locations. For information about these locations, see:
 # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
 #
 # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
 # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
 # with the "--help" option.
 
 # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
 [client]
 #password	= your_password
 port		= 3306
 socket		= /tmp/mysql.sock
  # Here follows entries for some specific programs
 
 # The MySQL server
 [mysqld]
 basedir=/usr/local/mysql
 datadir=/data/mysql/data
 user=mysql
 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
 symbolic-links=0
 
 port		= 3306
 socket		= /tmp/mysql.sock
 skip-locking
 key_buffer_size = 384M
 default-storage-engine=INNODB
 #max_allowed_packet = 1M
 max_allowed_packet = 512M
 table_open_cache = 512
 sort_buffer_size = 2M
 read_buffer_size = 2M
 read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
 myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
 thread_cache_size = 8
 query_cache_size = 32M
 # Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
 thread_concurrency = 8
 
 # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
 # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
 # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
 # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
 # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
 # 
 #skip-networking
  # Replication Master Server (default)
 # binary logging is required for replication
 log-bin=mysql-bin
 
 # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
 # but will not function as a master if omitted
 server-id	= 1
 
 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
 #
 # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
 # two methods :
 #
 # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
 #    the syntax is:
 #
 #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT=,
 #    MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ;
 #
 #    where you replace , ,  by quoted strings and
 #     by the master's port number (3306 by default).
 #
 #    Example:
 #
 #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
 #    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
 #
 # OR
 #
 # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
 #    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
 #    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
 #    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
 #    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
 #    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
 #    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
 #    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
 #    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
 #
 # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
 # (and different from the master)
 # defaults to 2 if master-host is set
 # but will not function as a slave if omitted
 #server-id       = 2
 #
 # The replication master for this slave - required
 #master-host     =   
 #
 # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
 # to the master - required
 #master-user     =   
 #
 # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
 # the master - required
 #master-password =   
 #
 # The port the master is listening on.
 # optional - defaults to 3306
 #master-port     =  
 #
 # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
 #log-bin=mysql-bin
 #
 # binary logging format - mixed recommended 
 #binlog_format=mixed
 binlog_format=mixed
 
 # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
 #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var
 #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2000M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
 #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var
 
 innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/data
 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2000M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
 innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/data
  # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
 # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
 #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 384M
 #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
 
 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 600M
 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 10M
 
 # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
 #innodb_log_file_size = 100M
 #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
 #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
 
 innodb_log_file_size = 100M
 innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
 
 
 [mysqldump]
 quick
 max_allowed_packet = 1024M
 
 [mysql]
 no-auto-rehash
 # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
 #safe-updates
 
 [myisamchk]
 key_buffer_size = 256M
 sort_buffer_size = 256M
 read_buffer = 2M
 write_buffer = 2M
 
 [mysqlhotcopy]
 interactive-timeout

本文结束。